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TREE & SHRUB PROBLEMS - DISEASES
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Canker - Canker develops where there has been damage to the bark of a tree or shrub. This could be from insects, sun scald, pruning, cold injury or mechanical injury. Infection spreads and can girdle a branch causing the branch to fall off or it can girdle a trunk and cause death. Many times the infection is isolated by a corky bark growth from the plant and the plant survives. Damaged areas are best removed as this part of the plant is weakened and could lead to more damage in the future.
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Root Rot - This is a soil born disease that can stay in the soil in decaying organic matter, be carried by wind or water and infect any host that has been stressed from any number of environmental or mechanical injury. The best defense against these diseases is planting species that are not susceptible or minimizing any un-needed or avoidable stress during the life of the plant.
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Leaf Gall - Galls are growths on plants. They can be simple or complex growths on leaves or stems. Some are brightly colored. In most cases they are unsightly but harmless to the plants. Some galls form when insects (certain wasps, midges and aphids) or mites feed on or lay eggs in leaves, twigs and stems. When feeding or laying eggs the insects can inject a toxin that stimulates rapid and abnormal growth.
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Shothole - This is not really a fungus but actually a bacterial infection. It is not usually a serious problem but if it becomes a problem the severity can be reduced by limiting overhead irrigation. This can also be treated with a bacterial spray.
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Leaf Spot - There are thousands of leaf-spotting fungi and bacteria, most of which cause only cosmetic damage. Many of these organisms infect only one plant species. Fungal spores are spread by wind and water splashing the spores onto a leaf. Spots form wherever the fungus infects the leaf. This makes the spots very difficult to totally control but the plants can be protected with a fungicide to keep the leaf spot from defoliating the plant.
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Sooty Mold - sooty molds grow from excretions (honeydew) that come from aphids, mealy bugs and soft scales as the feed on the plants. This is a sign that there are or were insects feeding on the plants or a plant above that the honeydew has dropped from.
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Powdery Mildew - Powdery Mildew is a parasitic fungus that penetrates only the epidermal cells of the host, producing an absorbing structure that diverts water and food to the fungus. This will eventually cause the infected areas to look distorted, dwarfed, chlorate, brown or have subnormal growth.
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